CU Amiga Super CD-ROM 13/CU Amiga Magazine's Super CD-ROM 13 (1997)(EMAP Images)(GB)(Track 1 of 2)[!][issue 1997-08].iso/CUCD/Graphics/Ghostscript/man/man1/gs.0

Text File | 1997-04-12 | 16KB | 463 lines

GS(1)                                                       GS(1)


NNAAMMEE
       gs - Aladdin Ghostscript interpreter/previewer

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       ggss [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _f_i_l_e_s ] ...

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       Ghostscript   is   an  implementation  of  Adobe  Systems'
       PostScript (tm) language, which  is  in  turn  similar  to
       Forth.   _G_s  reads  _f_i_l_e_s in sequence and executes them as
       Ghostscript programs.  After doing this, it reads  further
       input  from  the  standard input stream (normally the key-
       board).  Each line is  interpreted  separately.   To  exit
       from  the  interpreter,  enter  the  `quit'  command.  The
       interpreter also exits gracefully if it encounters end-of-
       file.   Typing the interrupt character (e.g. Control-C) is
       also safe.

       The  interpreter  recognizes  several  switches  described
       below,  which  may appear anywhere in the command line and
       apply to all files thereafter.

       You can get a help message by  invoking  Ghostscript  with
       the  --hh or --??  option.  This message also lists the avail-
       able devices.

       Ghostscript may be built  with  multiple  output  devices.
       Ghostscript  normally opens the first one and directs out-
       put to it.  To  use  device  xyz  as  the  initial  output
       device, include the switch
            -sDEVICE=xyz
       in  the  command line.  Note that this switch must precede
       the first .ps file, and only its first invocation has  any
       effect.   For example, for printer output in a normal con-
       figuration that includes  an  Epson  printer  driver,  you
       might use the shell command
            gs -sDEVICE=epson myfile.ps
       instead of just
            gs myfile.ps
       Alternatively, you can type
            (epson) selectdevice
            (myfile.ps) run
       All output then goes to the printer instead of the display
       until further notice.  You can switch devices at any  time
       by using the selectdevice procedure, e.g.,
            (vga) selectdevice
       or
            (epson) selectdevice
       As  yet a third alternative, you can define an environment
       variable GS_DEVICE as the  desired  default  device  name.
       The order of precedence for these alternatives, highest to
       lowest, is:
            selectdevice
            (command line)



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GS(1)                                                       GS(1)


            GS_DEVICE
            (first device in build list)

       To select the density on a printer, use
            gs -sDEVICE=<device> -r<xres>x<yres>
       For example, on a 9-pin Epson-compatible printer, you  can
       get the lowest-density (fastest) mode with
            gs -sDEVICE=epson -r60x72
       and the highest-density mode with
            gs -sDEVICE=epson -r240x72.

       If  you select a printer as the output device, Ghostscript
       also allows you to control where the device sends its out-
       put.   Normally, output goes directly to a scratch file on
       Unix systems.  To send the output to  a  series  of  files
       foo1.xyz, foo2.xyz, ..., use the switch
            -sOutputFile=foo%d.xyz
       The %d is a printf format specification; you can use other
       formats like %02d.  Each file will  receive  one  page  of
       output.   Alternatively,  to  send  the output to a single
       file foo.xyz, with all the  pages  concatenated,  use  the
       switch
            -sOutputFile=foo.xyz

       On  Unix  systems,  you  can send the output directly to a
       pipe.  For example, to pipe  the  output  to  the  command
       `lpr'  (which,  on  many Unix systems, is the command that
       spools output for a printer), use the switch
            -sOutputFile=\|lpr
       You can also send output to stdout  for  piping  with  the
       switch
            -sOutputFile=-
       In  this  case you must also use the -q switch, to prevent
       Ghostscript from writing messages to stdout.

       To find out what devices are available, type
            devicenames ==
       after starting up Ghostscript.  Alternatively, you can use
       the  -h or -? switch in the command line; the help message
       also lists the available devices.

       To select a different paper size,  use  the  command  line
       switch
               -sPAPERSIZE=a_known_paper_size
       e.g.,
               -sPAPERSIZE=a4
       or
               -sPAPERSIZE=legal
       As  of  this  printing,  the known paper sizes, defined in
       gs_statd.ps, are: tab(>); l l l l l.







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       PAPERSIZE>X">Y">X  cm>Y  cm  _   11x17>11">17">27.94>43.18
       a0>33.0556">46.7778">83.9611>118.816
       a10>1.02778">1.45833">2.61056>3.70417
       a1>23.3889">33.0556">59.4078>83.9611
       a2>16.5278">23.3889">41.9806>59.4078
       a3>11.6944">16.5278">29.7039>41.9806
       a4>8.26389">11.6944">20.9903>29.7039
       a5>5.84722">8.26389">14.8519>20.9903
       a6>4.125">5.84722">10.4775>14.8519
       a7>2.91667">4.125">7.40833>10.4775
       a8>2.05556">2.91667">5.22111>7.40833
       a9>1.45833">2.05556">3.70417>5.22111
       archA>9">12">22.86>30.48         archB>12">18">30.48>45.72
       archC>18">24">45.72>60.96        archD>24">36">60.96>91.44
       archE>36">48">91.44>121.92
       b0>39.3889">55.6667">100.048>141.393
       b1>27.8333">39.3889">70.6967>100.048
       b2>19.6944">27.8333">50.0239>70.6967
       b3>13.9167">19.6944">35.3483>50.0239
       b4>9.84722">13.9167">25.0119>35.3483
       b5>6.95833">9.84722">17.6742>25.0119
       flsa>8.5">13">21.59>33.02        flse>8.5">13">21.59>33.02
       halfletter>5.5">8.5">13.97>21.59
       ledger>17">11">43.18>27.94 legal>8.5">14">21.59>35.56 let-
       ter>8.5">11">21.59>27.94 note>7.5">10">19.05>25.4

IINNIITTIIAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN FFIILLEESS
       When looking for the initialization files  (gs_*.ps),  the
       files  related  to fonts, or the file for the `run' opera-
       tor, Ghostscript first tries opening  the  file  with  the
       name  as  given (i.e., using the current working directory
       if none is specified).  If this fails, and the  file  name
       doesn't  specify  an  explicit  directory  or drive (i.e.,
       doesn't begin with `/' on Unix systems), Ghostscript  will
       try directories in the following order:

       1.     The directory/ies specified by the -I switch(es) in
              the command line (see below), if any;

       2.     The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB  environ-
              ment variable, if any;

       3.     The  directory/ies  specified by the GS_LIB_DEFAULT
              macro in the Ghostscript makefile (which  has  been
              set                                              to
              "/usr/local/share/ghostscript/M.N:/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts"
              where M.N is the Ghostscript version number).

       Each  of  these (GS_LIB_DEFAULT, GS_LIB, and -I parameter)
       may be either a single directory, or a list of directories
       separated by a `:'.

XX RREESSOOUURRCCEESS
       Ghostscript  looks  for  the following resources under the



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       program name `Ghostscript':

       bboorrddeerrWWiiddtthh
              The border width in pixels (default = 1).

       bboorrddeerrCCoolloorr
              The name of the border color (default = black).

       ggeeoommeettrryy
              The window size and placement, WxH+X+Y (default  is
              NULL).

       xxRReessoolluuttiioonn
              The  number  of  x pixels per inch (default is com-
              puted from WidthOfScreen and WidthMMOfScreen).

       yyRReessoolluuttiioonn
              The number of y pixels per inch  (default  is  com-
              puted from HeightOfScreen and HeightMMOfScreen).

       uusseeBBaacckkiinnggPPiixxmmaapp
              Determines  whether backing store is to be used for
              saving display window (default = true).

       See the  file  `use.txt'  for  a  more  complete  list  of
       resources.

       To  set  these  resources,  put  them  in  a file (such as
       ~/.Xresources) in the following form:

            Ghostscript*geometry:    612x792-0+0
            Ghostscript*xResolution: 72
            Ghostscript*yResolution: 72

       Then load the defaults into the X server:

            % xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       ---- _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _a_r_g_1 _._._.
              Takes the next argument as a file  name  as  usual,
              but  takes  all  remaining  arguments (even if they
              have the syntactic form of  switches)  and  defines
              the  name ARGUMENTS in userdict (not systemdict) as
              an array of those strings, _b_e_f_o_r_e running the file.
              When  Ghostscript  finishes  executing the file, it
              exits back to the shell.

       --DD_n_a_m_e==_t_o_k_e_n
       --dd_n_a_m_e==_t_o_k_e_n
              Define a name in systemdict with the given  defini-
              tion.   The  token  must  be  exactly one token (as
              defined by the `token' operator) and must not  con-
              tain any whitespace.



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       --DD_n_a_m_e
       --dd_n_a_m_e Define a name in systemdict with value=null.

       --SS_n_a_m_e==_s_t_r_i_n_g
       --ss_n_a_m_e==_s_t_r_i_n_g
              Define  a name in systemdict with a given string as
              value.  This is different from  -d.   For  example,
              -dname=35 is equivalent to the program fragment
                             /name 35 def
              whereas -s name=35 is equivalent to
                             /name (35) def

       --qq     Quiet  startup  - suppress normal startup messages,
              and also do the equivalent of -dQUIET.

       --gg_n_u_m_b_e_r_1xx_n_u_m_b_e_r_2
              Equivalent to --ddDDEEVVIICCEEWWIIDDTTHH==_n_u_m_b_e_r_1  and  --ddDDEEVVIICCEE--
              HHEEIIGGHHTT==_n_u_m_b_e_r_2..  This is for the benefit of devices
              (such as X11 windows) that require (or allow) width
              and height to be specified.

       --rr_n_u_m_b_e_r
       --rr_n_u_m_b_e_r_1xx_n_u_m_b_e_r_2
              Equivalent to --ddDDEEVVIICCEEXXRREESSOOLLUUTTIIOONN==_n_u_m_b_e_r_1 and --ddDDEE--
              VVIICCEEYYRREESSOOLLUUTTIIOONN==_n_u_m_b_e_r_2..  This is for  the  benefit
              of devices (such as printers) that support multiple
              X and Y resolutions.  (If only one number is given,
              it is used for both X and Y resolutions.)

       --II_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s
              Adds the designated list of directories at the head
              of the search path for library files.

       --      This is not  really  a  switch.   It  indicates  to
              Ghostscript  that the standard input is coming from
              a file or a pipe.   Ghostscript  reads  from  stdin
              until  reaching  end-of-file, executing it like any
              other file, and then continues processing the  com-
              mand  line.   At  the  end  of  the  command  line,
              Ghostscript exits rather than going into its inter-
              active mode.

       Note  that  gs_init.ps  makes systemdict read-only, so the
       values of names defined with -D/d/S/s  cannot  be  changed
       (although,  of  course,  they can be superseded by defini-
       tions in userdict or other dictionaries.)

SSPPEECCIIAALL NNAAMMEESS
       --ddDDIISSKKFFOONNTTSS
              Causes individual character outlines to  be  loaded
              from  the disk the first time they are encountered.
              (Normally Ghostscript loads all the character  out-
              lines  when it loads a font.)  This may allow load-
              ing more fonts into RAM, at the expense  of  slower



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              rendering.

       --ddNNOOCCAACCHHEE
              Disables character caching.  Only useful for debug-
              ging.

       --ddNNOOBBIINNDD
              Disables the  `bind'  operator.   Only  useful  for
              debugging.

       --ddNNOODDIISSPPLLAAYY
              Suppresses  the normal initialization of the output
              device.  This may be useful when debugging.

       --ddNNOOPPAAUUSSEE
              Disables the prompt and pause at the  end  of  each
              page.  This may be desirable for applications where
              another program is `driving' Ghostscript.

       --ddNNOOPPLLAATTFFOONNTTSS
              Disables the use of fonts supplied by the  underly-
              ing  platform (e.g. X Windows).  This may be needed
              if the platform fonts  look  undesirably  different
              from the scalable fonts.

       --ddSSAAFFEERR
              Disables  the  deletefile and renamefile operators,
              and the ability to open files  in  any  mode  other
              than read-only.  This may be desirable for spoolers
              or other sensitive environments.

       --ddWWRRIITTEESSYYSSTTEEMMDDIICCTT
              Leaves systemdict writable.  This is necessary when
              running special utility programs such as font2c and
              pcharstr,  which  must  bypass  normal   PostScript
              access protection.

       --ssDDEEVVIICCEE==_d_e_v_i_c_e
              Selects  an  alternate  initial  output  device, as
              described above.

       --ssOOuuttppuuttFFiillee==_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
              Selects an alternate output file (or pipe) for  the
              initial output device, as described above.

FFIILLEESS
       //uussrr//llooccaall//sshhaarree//gghhoossttssccrriipptt//MM..NN//**
              Startup-files,  utilities,  and  basic font defini-
              tions.

       //uussrr//llooccaall//sshhaarree//gghhoossttssccrriipptt//ffoonnttss//**
              Additional font definitions.





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       //uussrr//llooccaall//sshhaarree//gghhoossttssccrriipptt//MM..NN//eexxaammpplleess//**
              Demo Ghostscript files.

       //uussrr//llooccaall//sshhaarree//gghhoossttssccrriipptt//MM..NN//ddoocc//**
              Assorted document files.

EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
       GGSS__OOPPTTIIOONNSS
              String of options to be processed before  the  com-
              mand line options.

       GGSS__DDEEVVIICCEE
              Used to define the device used.

       GGSS__FFOONNTTPPAATTHH
              Path names used to search for fonts

       GGSS__LLIIBB Path names for initialization files and fonts

       TTEEMMPP   Where temporary files are made

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       The various Ghostscript document files (above).

BBUUGGSS
       See the network news group `comp.lang.postscript'.































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